Avaliação de processo alcalino para obtenção de quitosana fúngica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338306Palavras-chave:
Aspergillus niger, Quitina, Desacetilação, desproteinização, bioprocessosResumo
A quitosana é um biopolímero com inúmeras aplicações nas áreas de alimentos, médica, farmacêutica e ambiental, e pode ser obtida a partir da desacetilação da quitina presente na biomassa fúngica. Este estudo avaliou o processo de desacetilação de biomassa fúngica com variações nas concentrações da solução de hidróxido de sódio, proporções de biomassa, tempo de processo e tipo de equipamento. A biomassa fúngica foi produzida pelo fungo Aspergillus niger DAOM em meio potato dextrose broth via bioprocessos submersos. A desacetilação da biomassa foi conduzida utilizando solução de NaOH em concentrações de 4% (1:40 m v-1) em autoclave e 45% (1:20 m v-1) em reator agitado. O grau de desacetilação para as duas técnicas foram similares (>60%). Entretanto, o processo em autoclave apresentou maior rendimento (14,29%). Além disso, os grupos funcionais apresentaram semelhanças entre as amostras do biopolímero, se evidenciando grupos de hidroxilas, aminas primárias e secundárias. Portanto, o processo com o uso de NaOH 4% em autoclave contribuiu na minimização dos aspectos ambientais negativos da produção da quitosana.
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Referências
Abdel-Gawad, K. M., Hifney, A. F., Fawzy, M. A., & Gomaa, M. (2017). Technology optimization of chitosan production from Aspergillus niger biomass and its functional activities. Food Hydrocolloids, 63, 593-601. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.10.001
Alsaggaf, M. S., Moussa, S. H., & Tayel, A. A. (2017). Application of fungal chitosan incorporated with pomegranate peel extract as edible coating for microbiological, chemical and sensorial quality enhancement of Nile tilapia fillets. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 99, 499-505. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.017
Alsharari, S. F., Tayel, A. A., & Moussa, S.H. (2018). Soil emendation with nano-fungal chitosan for heavy metals biosorption. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 118, 2265-2268. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.103
Colla, L. M., Ficanha, A. M. M., Rizzardi, J., Bertolin, T. E., Reinehr, C. O., & Costa, J. A. V. (2015). Production and Characterization of Lipases by Two New Isolates of Aspergillus through Solid-State and Submerged Fermentation. BioMed Research International, 2015, 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2015/725959
Bierhalz, A. C. K., Westin, C. B., & Moraes, A. M. (2016). Comparison of the properties of membranes produced with alginate and chitosan from mushroom and from shrimp. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 91, 496-504. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.095
Feofilova, E.P., Nemtsev, D. V., Tereshina, V. M., & Memorskaya, A. S. (2006). Developmental Change of the Composition and Content of the Chitin–Glucan Complex in the Fungus Aspergillus niger. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 42(6), 545-549. doi: 10.1134/S0003683806060032
Gomaa, M., Hifney, A. F., Fawzy, M. A., & Abdel-Gawad, K. M. (2018). Use of seaweed and filamentous fungus derived polysaccharides in the development of alginate-chitosan edible films containing fucoidan: Study of moisture sorption, polyphenol release and antioxidant properties. Food Hydrocolloids, 82, 239-247. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.03.056
Hu, K-J., Hu, J-L., Ho, K-P., & Yeung, K-W. (2004). Screening of fungi for chitosan producers, and copper adsorption capacity of fungal chitosan and chitosanaceous materials. Carbohydrate Polymers, 58(1), 45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.06.015
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Jiang, X., Chen, L., & Zhong, W. (2003). A new linear potentiometric titration method for the determination of deacetylation degree of chitosan. Carbohydrate Polymers, 54(4), 457-463. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2003.05.004
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Moura, J. M., Farias, B. S., Rodrigues, D. A. S., Moura, C. M., Dotto, G. L., & Pinto, L. A. A. (2015). Preparation of chitosan with different characteristics and its application for biofilms production. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 23(4), 470-477. doi: 10.1007/s10924-015-0730-y
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Naghdi, M., Zamani, A., & Karimi, K. (2014). A sulfuric–lactic acid process for efficient purification of fungal chitosan with intact molecular weight. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 63, 158-162. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.042
Rabey, H. A. E., Almutairi, F.M, Alalawy, A.I., Al-Duais, M. A., Sakran, M. I., Zidan, N. S., & Tayel, A. A. (2019). Augmented control of drug-resistant Candida spp. via fluconazole loading into fungal chitosan nanoparticles. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 141, 511-516. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.036
Statsoft. (1999). Statistica for Windows. Version 8.0. [S.I.]: StatSoft South America. CD-ROM.
Tan, S. C., Khor, E., Tan, T. K., & Wong, S. M. (1998). The degree of deacetylation of chitosan: advocating the first derivative UV-spectrophotometry method of determination. Talanta, 45(4), 713-719. doi: 10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00288-9
Tayel, A. A., Gharied, M. M., Zaki, H. R., & Elguindy, N. M. (2016). Bio-clarification of water from heavy metals and microbial effluence using fungal chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 83, 277-281. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.072
Tayel, A. A., Ibrahim, S. I. A., Al-Saman, M. A., & Moussa, S. H. (2014). Production of fungal chitosan from date wastes and its application as biopreservative for minced meat. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 69, 471-475. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.072
Tayel, A. A., Moussa, S., El-Tras, W. F., Knittel, D., Opwis, K., & Schollmeyer, E. (2010a). Anticandidal action of fungal chitosan against Candida albicans. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 47(4), 454-457. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.06.011
Tayel, A. A., Moussa, S., Opwis, K., Knittel, D., Schollmeyer, E., & Nickisch-Hartfiel, A. (2010b). Inhibition of microbial pathogens by fungal chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 47(1), 10-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.04.005
Vecchiato, S., Skopek, L., Russmayer, H., Steiger, M. G., Aldrian, A., Beer, B., Acero, E. H., & Guebitz, G. M. (2019). Microbial production of high value molecules using rayon waste material as carbon-source. New BIOTECHNOLOGY, 51, 8-13. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.01.010
Weska, R. F., Moura, J. M., Batista, L. M., Rizzi, J., & Pinto, L. A. A. (2007). Optimization of deacetylation in the production of chitosan from shrimp wastes: Use of response surface methodology. Journal of Food Engineering, 80(3), 749-753. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.02.006
Wu, J.; Niu, Y., Jiao, Y., & Chen, Q. (2019). Fungal chitosan from Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. Chaidam increased the stability and antioxidant activity of liposomes modified with biosurfactants and loading betulinic acid. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 123, 291-299. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.062
Vakili, M., Rafatullah, M., Salamatinia, B., Abdullah, A. Z., Ibrahim, M. H., Tan, K. B., Gholami, Z., & Amouzgar, P. (2014). Application of chitosan and its derivatives as adsorbents for dye removal from water and wastewater: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 113, 115-130. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.007
Zininga, J. T., Puri, A. K., Govender, A., Singh, S., & Permaul, K. (2019). Concomitant production of chitosan and lipids from a newly isolated Mucor circinelloides ZSKP for biodiesel production. Bioresource Technology, 272, 545-551. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.035
Alsaggaf, M. S., Moussa, S. H., & Tayel, A. A. (2017). Application of fungal chitosan incorporated with pomegranate peel extract as edible coating for microbiological, chemical and sensorial quality enhancement of Nile tilapia fillets. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 99, 499-505. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.017
Alsharari, S. F., Tayel, A. A., & Moussa, S.H. (2018). Soil emendation with nano-fungal chitosan for heavy metals biosorption. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 118, 2265-2268. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.103
Colla, L. M., Ficanha, A. M. M., Rizzardi, J., Bertolin, T. E., Reinehr, C. O., & Costa, J. A. V. (2015). Production and Characterization of Lipases by Two New Isolates of Aspergillus through Solid-State and Submerged Fermentation. BioMed Research International, 2015, 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2015/725959
Bierhalz, A. C. K., Westin, C. B., & Moraes, A. M. (2016). Comparison of the properties of membranes produced with alginate and chitosan from mushroom and from shrimp. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 91, 496-504. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.095
Feofilova, E.P., Nemtsev, D. V., Tereshina, V. M., & Memorskaya, A. S. (2006). Developmental Change of the Composition and Content of the Chitin–Glucan Complex in the Fungus Aspergillus niger. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 42(6), 545-549. doi: 10.1134/S0003683806060032
Gomaa, M., Hifney, A. F., Fawzy, M. A., & Abdel-Gawad, K. M. (2018). Use of seaweed and filamentous fungus derived polysaccharides in the development of alginate-chitosan edible films containing fucoidan: Study of moisture sorption, polyphenol release and antioxidant properties. Food Hydrocolloids, 82, 239-247. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.03.056
Hu, K-J., Hu, J-L., Ho, K-P., & Yeung, K-W. (2004). Screening of fungi for chitosan producers, and copper adsorption capacity of fungal chitosan and chitosanaceous materials. Carbohydrate Polymers, 58(1), 45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.06.015
Hussain, M. R., Iman, M., & Maji, T. K. (2014). Determination of Degree of Deacetylation of Chitosan and Their effect on the Release Behavior of Essential Oil from Chitosan and Chitosan-Gelatin Complex Microcapsules. Revista Tecnica de la Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad del Zulia, 37, 69-77.
Jiang, X., Chen, L., & Zhong, W. (2003). A new linear potentiometric titration method for the determination of deacetylation degree of chitosan. Carbohydrate Polymers, 54(4), 457-463. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2003.05.004
Kim, S. K. (2010). Chitin, chitosan, oligosaccharides and their derivatives: Biological activities and applications. (1 ed.) Boca Raton, CRC Press, 672. Recuperado de: https://www.crcpress.com/Chitin-Chitosan-Oligosaccharides-and-Their-Derivatives-Biological-Activities/Kim/p/book/9781439816035
Maghsoodi, V., Razavi, J., & Yaghmaei, S. (2009). Production of Chitosan by Submerged Fermentation from Aspergillus niger. Scientia Iranica, Transaction C: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 16(2), 145-148. Recuperado de: http://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3269.html
Moura, J. M., Farias, B. S., Rodrigues, D. A. S., Moura, C. M., Dotto, G. L., & Pinto, L. A. A. (2015). Preparation of chitosan with different characteristics and its application for biofilms production. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 23(4), 470-477. doi: 10.1007/s10924-015-0730-y
Muñoz, G., Valencia, C., Valderruten, N., Ruiz-Durántez, E., & Zuluaga, F. (2015). Extraction of chitosan from Aspergillus niger mycelium and synthesis of hydrogels for controlled release of betahistine. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 91-92, 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.03.008
Namboodiri, M. M. T., & Pakshirajan, K. (2019). Sustainable and green approach of chitosan production from Penicillium citrinum biomass using industrial wastewater as a cheap substrate. Journal of Environmental Management, 240, 431-440. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.085
Naghdi, M., Zamani, A., & Karimi, K. (2014). A sulfuric–lactic acid process for efficient purification of fungal chitosan with intact molecular weight. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 63, 158-162. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.042
Rabey, H. A. E., Almutairi, F.M, Alalawy, A.I., Al-Duais, M. A., Sakran, M. I., Zidan, N. S., & Tayel, A. A. (2019). Augmented control of drug-resistant Candida spp. via fluconazole loading into fungal chitosan nanoparticles. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 141, 511-516. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.036
Statsoft. (1999). Statistica for Windows. Version 8.0. [S.I.]: StatSoft South America. CD-ROM.
Tan, S. C., Khor, E., Tan, T. K., & Wong, S. M. (1998). The degree of deacetylation of chitosan: advocating the first derivative UV-spectrophotometry method of determination. Talanta, 45(4), 713-719. doi: 10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00288-9
Tayel, A. A., Gharied, M. M., Zaki, H. R., & Elguindy, N. M. (2016). Bio-clarification of water from heavy metals and microbial effluence using fungal chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 83, 277-281. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.072
Tayel, A. A., Ibrahim, S. I. A., Al-Saman, M. A., & Moussa, S. H. (2014). Production of fungal chitosan from date wastes and its application as biopreservative for minced meat. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 69, 471-475. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.072
Tayel, A. A., Moussa, S., El-Tras, W. F., Knittel, D., Opwis, K., & Schollmeyer, E. (2010a). Anticandidal action of fungal chitosan against Candida albicans. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 47(4), 454-457. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.06.011
Tayel, A. A., Moussa, S., Opwis, K., Knittel, D., Schollmeyer, E., & Nickisch-Hartfiel, A. (2010b). Inhibition of microbial pathogens by fungal chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 47(1), 10-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.04.005
Vecchiato, S., Skopek, L., Russmayer, H., Steiger, M. G., Aldrian, A., Beer, B., Acero, E. H., & Guebitz, G. M. (2019). Microbial production of high value molecules using rayon waste material as carbon-source. New BIOTECHNOLOGY, 51, 8-13. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.01.010
Weska, R. F., Moura, J. M., Batista, L. M., Rizzi, J., & Pinto, L. A. A. (2007). Optimization of deacetylation in the production of chitosan from shrimp wastes: Use of response surface methodology. Journal of Food Engineering, 80(3), 749-753. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.02.006
Wu, J.; Niu, Y., Jiao, Y., & Chen, Q. (2019). Fungal chitosan from Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. Chaidam increased the stability and antioxidant activity of liposomes modified with biosurfactants and loading betulinic acid. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 123, 291-299. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.062
Vakili, M., Rafatullah, M., Salamatinia, B., Abdullah, A. Z., Ibrahim, M. H., Tan, K. B., Gholami, Z., & Amouzgar, P. (2014). Application of chitosan and its derivatives as adsorbents for dye removal from water and wastewater: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 113, 115-130. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.007
Zininga, J. T., Puri, A. K., Govender, A., Singh, S., & Permaul, K. (2019). Concomitant production of chitosan and lipids from a newly isolated Mucor circinelloides ZSKP for biodiesel production. Bioresource Technology, 272, 545-551. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.035
